Tuesday, December 31, 2019

The U.S. Constitution Checks Balances Essay - 1283 Words

The U.S. Constitution is the foundation of American governance. Since its creation in 1878, the Constitution remains as the foundation of governance for the Republic and stands as the oldest living Constitution in the world. To prevent a tyranny of the majority will – or of one part of governance – it became necessary to ensure the several branches of government remained separate. To ensure that one of these branches did not trump the other branches, the Founders crafted – within the Constitution – a set of checks and balances. Separating powers, with checks and balances, made the U.S. government unique when it emerged in 1787. The Constitution describes a system of checks and balances and sets up a separation of powers. The†¦show more content†¦This gives the judicial power to the Supreme Court – but also allows the Congress to appoint lower courts under the Supreme Court. This does not, however, give Congress judicial authority – it simply allows Congress to create lower courts to support the Supreme Court as creation of courts would need laws and Congress has legislative power. In the aforementioned manner, the Constitution creates a separation of powers in the American government. The Constitution gives the three branches of government an arrangement of checks and balances – through its enumeration of the branches and their related duties and responsibilities. According to Mount, the Legislative branch has, inter alia, power of impeachment of the President of the United States – through the House of Representatives. The Legislative branch also has power to conduct the trial of an impeached President in the Senate. These powers of impeachment and trial also extend to the Judicial branch – the House of Representatives can impeach judges and the trails would occur in the Senate. The Executive branch can veto laws passed by the Legislative branch – and Congress can override vetoes with a two-thirds majority vote in both chambers of Congress. Another Executive branch check on the Legislative branch comes through the Vice President’s position asShow MoreRelatedThe On The Workings Of The Constitution Convention Essay1319 Word s   |  6 PagesPluralism in the Workings of the Constitution Convention â€Å"The fundamental importance of the 1787 Constitutional Convention is indisputable, not only as a turning point in the history of the United States, but also as an event that continues to affect contemporary politics† (Pope and Shawn 1). Indeed, the historical significance of the Constitution Convention and its direct impact on American contemporary politics cannot be ignored. For over two-hundred years, the Constitution of the United States has servedRead MoreThe System Of Checks And Balances859 Words   |  4 PagesExplain the system of checks and balances within the American government and its significance. Be sure to provide examples and discuss alternative views. The purpose for our Constitution was to implement a new government with three equal branches that balance and check each other. The three branches are formed and is important that the maintain balance in Legislative, executive and Judiciary branches in order for our government to not be overpower each other. The U.S. Constitution established in 1787Read MoreEssay on We the People688 Words   |  3 Pagesthree provisions of the Constitution that provide a means of preventing the abuse or misuse of government power. Explain how these provisions work in our system of government today. The fundamental characteristics of a constitutional government contain of a written document which establishes the rules, rights, and principles of the government. These characteristics are the establishment of individual rights, federalism, higher law, separation of powers, and checks and balances. The establishmentRead MorePrinciples of the Constitution Essay1057 Words   |  5 PagesApril 21, 2013 Principles of the Constitution POS 301 Part I: Principles of the Constitution | | DEFINITION | | Self-Government | A government in which the people who live in a place make laws for themselves. | In Massachusetts Bay, men who owned property could go to a town meeting and vote. | Separation of Powers | Power of the Constitution is divided among the three branches. | James Madison and the other authors of the Constitution created three branches to make sure that the government’sRead MoreReviewing The Various Branches Of The United States Government1602 Words   |  7 PagesReviewing the Various Branches of the United States Government in Understanding the Checks and Balances System Before understanding the system of Checks and Balances it may be helpful for one to understand the various functions of the three branches that make up the federal government. The federal government consists of millions of people working together and insuring that the United States is run in an effective manor thus protecting the rights of every American citizen. American citizens must relyRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation Was A Loose, League Of Friendship853 Words   |  4 Pagesthen removed and the U.S. Constitution was drafted. The Constitution had addressed major issues with the Articles of Confederation. It gave the national government the ability to tax, create troops and completely control commerce. The Constitution created a executive branch as well as a court system that did not once exist in The Articles. One of the greatest things the Constitution had done was create a division in separations of powers and checks and balances. The Constitution was created for central Read MoreTheu.s. And Texas Constitutions Essay1005 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent constitutions. The most recent was written during the Constitutional Convention of 1875, and adopted February 15, 1876 by popular vote. This constitution contains sixteen articles, and four hundred eighty-three amendments. Throughout thus essay, the role of the state constitution will be examined along with a comparison of the U.S. and Texas Constitutions, and rationale for a potential rewriting of the document. Every state in the Union has created and implemented its own constitution. TheseRead MoreThe 3 Houses Of Theu.s Government866 Words   |  4 PagesThe 3 houses of the U.S Government The houses consist of the Judicial, Legislative, and Executive branches. The foundation of these separated powers are based on the U.S Constitution. Originally modified from the Articles of Confederation. The limited but functional Articles of Confederation was revised because our founding fathers from 1788 had collective action problems. Like gun control, military, taxes, personal rights etc. Because of these issues James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John JayRead MoreThe Creation Of The U.s. Constitution1330 Words   |  6 Pagescreation of the U.S. Constitution consisted of a series of conflicts and compromises. The competing interests of the central players that created the U.S Constitution had to focus on achievable goals rather than their own political interests. The political process can be conflictual but the process matters. It is essential to implementing decisions in our government, which provides order and our general welfare. Some conflicts that can be seen in the cre ation of the Constitution are political theoriesRead MoreGovernment: Constitutional Powers and Limits1210 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1787, the framers signed the Constitution â€Å"in Order to form a more perfect Union† (US Const. Preamble). They intended to establish a central government without granting it too much power. To ensure that, the framers both, limited and empowered the government in certain ar- eas. But since the original seven articles of the Constitution are over 200 years old, the framers could not foresee the expansion of the government’s power that has happened until the present day. With the â€Å"war on terror† being

Monday, December 23, 2019

Looking At Real World Managerial Skills - 1443 Words

The aim of this essay is to look at real world managerial skills and to see how we can relate Mintzbergs managerial role to real world managerial practice. We will also analyse the extent of impact organization size and workplace diversity has on the work of the manager interviewed. According to Mintzberg, management can be classified into three roles, which are the interpersonal roles, decisional roles, and informational roles (Mintzberg, 1990). In this essay, our focus would be on Mintzberg informational role, and to see whether it is relevant to real world managerial work. Through managers interpersonal contacts, managers act as the nerve center of the organization, they also have access to more information than subordinates do. The†¦show more content†¦For Mr A there will be a monthly sales target for the store, and it’s Mr A job to make sure that store are on the way to meet the target. Management is about coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively. Henry Mintzberg, a well-known management researcher, concluded that what managers do can best be described by looking at the managerial roles they engaged at work (Mintzberg, 1973). Through his research, Mintzberg has identified 10 managerial role from the managers he interviewed, and these three roles can be classified into three: the decisional roles, informational roles and interpersonal roles. According to Mintzberg, processing information is a key part of the manager’s job (Mintzberg, 1973). Mintzberg indicated that much of the managerial job involved giving and receiving information. So the informational role is also interrelated with the interpersonal role (Mintzberg, 1990). One major part of a manager’s duty is to process information. In extensive part, communication is their work. Three roles describe these informational aspects of managerial work, they are the disseminator, monitor and spokesperson. Firstly, we will discuss about the role of disseminator. Disseminator role is where managers communicate potentially useful information to his/her colleagues and team. The manager

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Becoming an Optimist Free Essays

I woke up early, finished the reports I was supposed to submit during the day drove to the office and I was not late. Then, my boss hands me the memo and says that I am given until tomorrow to submit a written explanation. I mumble incoherently but feel crushed and almost in tears and angry at my boss. We will write a custom essay sample on Becoming an Optimist or any similar topic only for you Order Now Belief I am not a good worker, I am always tardy and hence I have become a liability to my department. I do not have any place in this office anymore. I have no choice but to resign. Consequence I am depressed and angry and hurt. Disputation I am not a bad worker, I have met deadlines, I have been innovative at my work and I give my best in every task I am assigned to. I have had high performance evaluation ratings for the last 4 years in this job. My reaction to the memo was overreacting; of course it is company policy to call the attention of employees who had been late for work a number of times to make sure that they can do something about it. I was late a couple of times but that did not mean I am a lousy employee, even my boss comes to the office late at times. I had been working two jobs and going to school at the same time and it means that I am tired and exhausted thus if I wake up late in some mornings it is understandable because my body has to rest at some point. Thinking that I am a bad employee and that I have to resign is not really doing me anything good, instead of checking my behavior; I felt utterly depressed and had to miss work in the afternoon. It does not do anything good to think these thoughts. Energization I decided that I can prove to myself that I can be punctual everyday, thus I have made a contract with myself saying that I will never be late for work anymore, starting today! Being optimistic is related to motivation because it gives that extra boost to the person who is faced with challenges and difficulties (Seligman, 1991). Optimism is a state of mind and heart, that is, to think positively about the outcome of the situation or event. When a person thinks that a problem is a challenge, and then he/she would face it head on and believe that he/she can overcome it, if a person thinks that a problem is a punishment, then he/she would not do anything at all since he/she has already accepted defeat. References Kady, L. (2006). Being an optimist. Retrieved December 11, 2006, from http://www. articlejuice. com/Article/Being-an-Optimist—Part-1/200 Seligman, M. E. (1991). Learned Optimism. Alfred A. Knopf Inc. How to cite Becoming an Optimist, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Pollock Essay Example For Students

Pollock Essay Pollock also became very interested in nature. Jackson Pollock only studied under Thomas Hart Benton for about two year but they remained friends until Jacksons early death. The mid 1930s were a bit of a hard time for Pollock. He had a hard time finding a job because America was in the middle of the Great Depression. In 1935 Jackson Pollock joined the Federal Art Project of the Works Progress Administration. He, along with five thousand other artists were hired at one time or another by the project to paint murals in public buildings to make art part of everyday American life. The influence for this was the Mexicans mural program, which hired artists for workmens wages (Cernuschi, 29). The primary Mexican muralists were Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfara Siqueiros. Pollock had been interested in Orozcos work since the 1930s and in 1936 he took a course called A Laboratory of Modern Techniques in Art with Siqueiros. Jackson explored powerful expressionism through experimentation of different techniques in this class. They painted in large scale, used poured, drip, and splatter techniques and Siqueiros taught them about Futurism and how to paint using emotional impulses. Futurists believed that you must not only move the spectator physically but you must also move them emotionally. The style of the Mexican Muralists Orozco and Siqueiros influenced Jacksons technique in later paintings such as Bald Woman with Skeleton, which he painted in 1938. In 1937 Jackson met artist-critic John Graham after writing him a letter requesting they meet. Graham had become a great influence to Pollock after he wrote an article titled Primitive Art and Picasso. Graham stated in the article that, an evocative art is the means and the result of getting in touch with the powers of out unconscious (Fineberg, 88). Graham believed that the unconscious mind provided essential knowledge and creative powers for the artist (Fineberg, 88). Pollock had become very interested in inner content of paintings rather then figurative content, which was also known as Surrealism. Picasso and Miro were the most popular Surrealists of this time and Pollocks work began to move away from the ideas of Benton and the Muralists and began to reflect their style. He was impressed that they based their work on the unconscious mind. In 1941 John Graham invited Jackson Pollock to exhibit his work in a show he was organizing. The surrealists were a big influence on Pollock. They encouraged him to legitimize the unconscious as a subject (Fineberg 89) and work impulsively and spontaneously on the canvas. He believed the unconscious

Saturday, November 30, 2019

Star Spangled Banner free essay sample

The Star Spangled Banner Patriotism reflects the affection and reverence one has for the nation they were born in and lived their whole life. Devotion to country can be shown through many different ways of which one is the recitation of the nations national anthem. The people of the United States of America display their loyalty to their nation by reciting The Star Spangled Banner. Over the last seventy-nine years many singers have sung the U. S national anthem, but there are four renditions that are widely recognized. Each version of the anthem sung by different artists over time mirrors different passions, but always ends up showing the pride and loyalty the artists feel for their nation, The United States of America. The version of the anthem The Star Spangled Banner sung by the U. S Air force Band is undeniably a very customary and nationalistic version. The band is able to perform it zealously at various 4th of July celebrations and many other occasions. We will write a custom essay sample on Star Spangled Banner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The music is composed by using trumpets, drums and flutes which display a gallant feeling, and of course provoke a ense of nationalism to the country, fulfilling the artists purpose of the song, which is to make the audience feel the sense of love for their nation. The extreme electric- guitar abilities of Jimi Hendrix are shown through his version of The Star Spangled Banner. His rendition of the anthem is a proclamation of the freedom he has got in his country proudly shown through his performance of the national anthem. The tune of the electrical guitar that Hendrix plays on, adds an exuberant and wild sound to the anthem, which actually imitates the wildness of the War of 1812 at Fort McHenry. The anthem ends with a peaceful tone, not like it begins, symbolizing the victorious moment, and Joyfulness of the war. The main purpose achieved by Jimi Hendrix is apparent, which was to make the audience actually live through the highs and lows of the War of 1812, Just like Francis Scott went through when he composed the anthem. Another vocal band, The Gaither gives an extremely influential performance of The Star Spangled Banner. Their performance leaves a strong impression of loyalty on the audience. Unlike, the U. S. Air force Band and Jimi Hendrix, The Gaither tends to stretch out certain lyrics of the song in order to highlight the importance of the fact that our flag symbolizes the utter patriotism of the Americans, still lives on. The artists goal through their performance is to show the audience the eternal and everlasting affection they have for The United States of America. Whitney Houston, a member of the Florida Orchestra performs the national anthem in a really impressive condition. Her patriotism and loyalty she has for her country shines through her voice and the high notes and stretches she hits uring the song. These things are an apparent example of the endless amount of admiration and loyalty she feels for her country. The drums and other various instruments in the background help embellish her of The Star Spangled Banner. She achieves her purpose of making her way into the hearts of the listeners during her performance with her high notes of the song. Each of the four renditions of The Star Spangled Banner has one thing in common; they all elicit a strong sense of nationalism, patriotism and eternal love for the country, but each version also gives

Monday, November 25, 2019

The change essays

The change essays Some examples of bureaucracy in the United States are: the International Revenue Service, which collects taxes from citizens. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, which looks into crimes for American citizens. The Postal Service, which delivers mail to citizens and the Health Care Financing Administration, which reimburses states fro money, spent on health care for the poor. An Iron Triangle is the relationship among an agency, a committee and an interest group. For example the Department of Veterans Affairs is a triangle made up of the house and Senate committees on Veteran Affairs and Veterans organizations. These three would make up a strong alliance with each other. The department would do what the committee wanted them to do and in return get political support and budget appropriations and the committee would do what the department wanted and in return get votes and campaign contributions. The Department of Housing and Urban Developing is also and Iron Triangle because it works closely with mayors and real-estate agents. Another example of this is the Department of Agriculture, which works closely with form agencies. The Small Business Administration works closely with congress and loan programs that make it so strong that even the most popular President cannot beat them. The Federal Communications Commission works with broadcasters and heads of cable-television companies. They however are feeling the pressure of separate demands coming from both the television guys as well as the broadcasters. The common government agency today is not an iron triangle but an issue network. An issue network consists of people in Washington based interest groups, on congressional staffs, in universities and think tanks, and in the mass media who regularly debate government policy on a certain subject. The networks are split along political, ideological, and economic lines. ...

Friday, November 22, 2019

Answers to Select End of Chapter Questions Essay Example for Free

Answers to Select End of Chapter Questions Essay 16. Since we have the profits from all three scenarios we just to compare the present values of each scenario. We do not need to subtract anything from the present value since the costs have already been subtracted from profits. We can see that we have the highest present value of $290.87 when we use high advertising intensity. Therefore this is the recommended scenario. Q2. This question deals with margin analysis, we will look at incremental revenues and costs and see whether they are worth it. On the revenue side we have an increase on 9807700, however we also have incremental costs of television airtime, ad development and a loss of $6000000 in another division We can see that when we add up the incremental costs, they exceed the extra revenues by 317100. Therefore I do not recommend that this campaign to be undertaken. Q21. Producer —Producer. The Brazilian and five other producers are competing against the US Southern Shrimp Alliance. Both groups are competing to provide the customers with the best shrimps at the lowest cost. However currently the Brazilian Producers have an advantage with their lower labor, cheap land etc. Government and Market; According to the current scenario, the Brazilian Group would be choice of the market since they can produce it much cheaper. However, the Sourthern Alliance is trying to lobby the Government into imposing tariffs Brazilian Imports. Consumer Producer Rivalry; The American Seafood Distributors, which represent consumers of shrimp farming, are interested in having the lowest cost. They are supporting the Brazilians and can potentially choose not to buy from the US based shrimp farmers. Consumer – Consumer Rivalry; Is pretty low, since they have banded together to form the American Seafood Distributors. Five Forces Analysis: Shrimp Farming Industry Buyers have formed the American Seafood Distributors, which means they can ask negotiate in bulk and choose whether they buy from one firm or not. They apparently have very low switching costs. Since shrimp is still shrimp wherever it came from, the price value combination becomes very important. Possible Government Intervention. The shrimp farmers procure their supply from the sea. And really the shrimps have very little choice in the matter. There is plentiful supply, although it depends upon the weather and climate, therefore geographically specific. Also the fishermen who fish for the shrimp or the people who work in the farms demand lower wages for Brazilians but relatively high for the US based on the labour laws. Differentiation is low and competition is based primarily on price. There seems to be a high degree of concentration amongst the firms competing in the industry. Substitutes; There are various substitutes available within the product class. Instead of shrimps, consumers could go for other seafood such as fish. Or they could also choose to go completely different route and avoid Seafood altogether. Entry; Medium Economics of scale are necessary to harvest shrimps at a lower cost, and since there is bulk buying, network effects are also important. Q23. I would tell the owner that while owner did the right thing by incentivizing the manager, but the structure of the incentive needs to be changed. The owner has incentivized the manager to make sales, but has given no incentives to the manager to sell at a higher price. I would recommend that the owner should either set a minimum price on sales or, offer the incentive out of the profits e.g offer 2% of the profit on the sale which would ask. Q11. In the first case, a drop in price of components represents a change in the factors of production. Therefore this will result in a change in the ‘quantity supplied’. This means that the supply curve will shift to the right. Since there is no change in the demand curve, this means that the price will fall. (exh 1) In the second scenario, we have information that incomes are supposed to grow over the coming two years. Change in income produces a change in the demand curve. This is case; we know that RAM is a normal good, with people having income over $75000 buy nearly 1.3 times more. Therefore we can expect the price to increase. However, whether this final price is greater than the initial price (before the changes in supply and demand curve) is unclear and will depend upon how much does the supply curve shifted due to cost drop. Exh1exh2 Blue: Previous SupplyBlue: Previous Supply Red: New Supply Red: New Supply Green: New Demand Q13. First of all, the question misquotes the law of demand. When the prices of cigarettes are raised, the ‘quantity demanded for cigarettes will fall but the ‘demand for cigarettes will not’. The effectiveness of higher pricing will depend upon the cause of the higher pricing. If the price hike is due to a price ceiling by the governmen. then definitely the number of cigarettes demanded will decrease. However, cigarettes are very addicting, which means that the price elasticity if cigarettes is very low. So the drop in quantity demanded is very small. (exh 3). On a theoretical level, it is possible for the equilibrium price to remain the same but with lower number of cigarettes smoked. In this diagram, the red line is demand, while the blue line is supply, we can clearly see that even with a price ceiling, the number of cigarettes smoked as decrease very little. Q14. Well, in order to find out the equilibrium price and quantity I will equate the demand and supply functions. 175 – p = 2P -200. This gives us P = $125. Furthermore, at this price 50 pints of blood will be processed. In order to find the consumer surplus we will need to find the area underneath the demand curve. $175 Price The area of triangle A is the consumer surplus = Â ½ * (50) * (175-125) = 1250 The area of triangle B is the producer surplus = Â ½ * (50) * (125-100) = 625 Q15. Crude oil is the critical component in the refining process. The price of gasoline will rise dramatically due to the shift in the supply curve. Since the fuel has become more expensive, people will want to buy less of it and therefore will want to buy cars which are more fuel efficient. This will cause the demand curve for fuel efficient cars to shift to the left. Q16. Qs1 = 4P – 110 which gives me coordinates of (0, 27.5) and (-110,0) Qs2 =4.171P – 110 which give me coordinates of (0, 26.37) and (-110,0) Qd= 250 – 5P which give me coordinates of (0, 50) and ( 250,0) First let me find the equilibrium price and quantity by equating Qs1 and Qd. This gives me Pe = 40 Qe= 50 million. Also when I equate Qs2 with Qd I get the new equilibrium Pe2 = 39.25. Each customer saves 75 cents per month. Q10 of the assignment The price of an entry level DVD player is $25.70 on Ebay According to my estimate, the demand curve and supply curve have both shifted to the left. Demand Curve; Â  As opposed to 2003, in 2012 people have many more option in which to watch their movies. They can carry them on USBs, stream them over the internet, or rent them online from websites such as Netflics. All of these directly contribute to reduce the popularity of DVDs which are complements of Dvd Players. Since there are so many alternate channels to watch movies which offer better price and excellent quality, people will not demand as much of the product. Furthermore, the large amounts of substitutes will directly contribute make the demand much more elastic, so that at the slightest decrease in the price people will switch out Supply Curve; Due to mass production and advancements in technology one could expect that the supply curve should shift outwards. However, due to the number of firms which will pull out of this industry the supply curve will shift towards the left. There is simply not enough demand to sustain all these firms. ii)Besides the change in the number of suppliers, change in technology or a decrease in labour costs could affect the supply similarly Answers to Select End of Chapter Questions. (2017, Jan 07).

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Examine the nature of popular protest in South Africa between 1969 and Coursework

Examine the nature of popular protest in South Africa between 1969 and 1990 - Coursework Example Adding oil to fire was the on-going recession which did not make things any better for the rural or migrant class in the region. This paper will be analyzing the aforementioned aspects, beginning with the political sphere and then shifting to the social front. With respect to the political status, Lodge has mentioned how ‘the body was not organizationally geared to undertake the urgent task of undertaking people’s war’ (Lodge, 1983) which is one of the major reasons behind the deterioration of the external mission’s leadership and politics. The formation of the said mission in 1960 was one of the four phases of the development of the external wing of the ANC. However, ‘it was criticized for isolating itself from the rank and file, and devoting too much time to international solidarity work.’ (Lodge, 1983) To begin with, exile movements in South Africa were faced with considerable barriers owing to the cordon sanitaire of colonial territories who were themselves engaged in counter-insurgent operations. Furthermore, in towns, influx control and the police stalled political activity, and this was coupled with the fear of new legislation and police powers. Despite this strict system of controls, guerilla movements and the course of Black resistance were successful mainly because of the ‘middle peasantry’ which proved to be fundamental to such undertakings. The success was also bolstered by their own ability to succeed in overcoming the innate complications of the exile environment itself. Here, it is necessary to point out the four different phases that the ANC went through: the establishment of an external mission in 1960, the shift in Congress leadership from within the country to outside it (owing to the arrest of its internal leadership), the collapse of the ANC/ZAPU joint operation and the reconstitution of the ANC as a major force South African black politics. With

Monday, November 18, 2019

Ethic Case Opinion and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethic Case Opinion and Analysis - Essay Example The sum total of all the above challenges result in a high cost of labor which impacts negatively on the firm. Therefore, a worker-sensitive firm needs to put up a number of measures to curb this high labor costs, otherwise the company might face a competitive disadvantage in the market. The measures put forth should be ethical and fair both to the firm and the workers or employees. In cases where the measures are not fair, customers tend to distant themselves from the firm’s products or services and this impacts negatively on the firms’ share of the market. This is often the cause of a business gap between client prospect and what they basically get from the market. The misunderstanding caused between the client and the firm interferes with the projected incomes and sales. It is worth noting that there is a need to identify explicit criteria through extensive research that relates to labor resources and service delivery. There are two main methods of managing labor cos ts, controlling staffing and adjusting salaries paid. In the face of competitive forces, a firm has to adapt quickly since it is essential for the company to react to the changing conditions. The other way of dealing with company downsizing is to act on employees’ number. The actions chosen need not be ruthless but rather ethical. Actions such as compulsory early retirement or lay off in a firm need to be done in a selective manner. It is worth noting that the criteria chosen should take into consideration the needs of the workers. It should be creative so as to draw and keep employees. However, it should not compromise the operational efficiency or profit margins at any cost. It should be viable and reasonably ethical. Some of the ethical ways of reducing labor costs include job sharing and developing outreach programs. Question 2 The Golden Rule â€Å"Do unto others as you would have others do unto you† is an ecumenical and ethical standard that requires those who be lieve in it to consider the feelings and likes of others before acting. It is often referred to as the ethic of mutual exchange. This rule has often been applied in solving business related problems among other worlds’ problems. This paper seeks to explore the application of the golden rule in business ethics. It is a rule in business management that plays a big role in long term success of a firm. Ethics does not always pay but rather presents a central challenge towards good management to constantly align success and responsibility in business. (Maxwell 122) Executive management in firms faces a lot of challenges in trying to apply this rule because of the conflicting behaviour of human nature. However the golden rule underlies and protects codes of business conducts and responsible consumption. Golden rule actually works in a competitive business; this is because workers tend to be more motivated since they will have a feeling of being appreciated in their work. They will further put their own initiative and effort in work with minimum or no supervision as long as they are provided with good working environment. This is a policy that makes one feel respected. This does not only apply to the workers but also to the customers. Everyone wants to be treated with honor and respect in ways that enrich

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Financial Prospectus Content Paper Essay Example for Free

Financial Prospectus Content Paper Essay A concrete organization has capability to become a big vendor to a lot of construction organizations. In this report you will see an account of the project of starting up a concrete organization, the development concept, the controlling methods, and what reports will be important to keeping an effective company. To achieve success a new company must be sure to stay up with all of the rivalry thats coming up. Description of Venture The intention is to open up a concrete organization having 15 workers and 10 vehicles. The land area which we plan to purchase is around 5 acres of land. The factory thats being bought will be a complete factory which was developed from the earlier proprietors who operated exactly the same kind of company. Presently there arent civil ventures which are being built in the targeted region; however the residential area keeps growing. The residential area will eventually raise the organization and will assist to start the $2,500,000 required to launch the company. One of the greatest rivals will be Super Mix of Wisconsin that is a big concrete organization which has continued to expand during the last 7 years. Super Mix of Wisconsin has demonstrated other concrete shareholders that its easy to begin small as we will be doing due to a shortage of investment and continue to expand into a big organization opening a variety of factory areas. To get over the fiscal requirements to launch the company, the financial institution has consented to lend us $1,086,742.30 to start up the factory at a 5.50% rate of interest for the following 5 years. It has additionally been agreed to fund all of the trucks that has been authorized for $310,000  having a 6.15% rate of interest for 5 years. Development Concept The market provides extensive possibility to concrete organizations to develop and to grow into big effective companies. Super Mix of Wisconsin is just about the ruler of the industry expanding to have 2 factories, a gravel pit, and 52 vehicles. This organization has expanded to achieve success during the last 7 years, however due to the economic climate has carried a 20% loss with the market fall. With the downturn, the price of the material has risen regularly which makes it difficult to earn profits. After this information from the downturn effect, this is the growth in economy witnessed, that we think boost the construction work for residential and commercial work. This increase in the construction would let us seize the biggest share of the market in a competitive industry. There are lots of small concrete producers working in exactly the same market while Super Mix of Wisconsin also joined exactly the same small concrete producers market with 2 factories and 52 vehicles and trying hard to grab the market share once again for the recoveries lost during the last downturn. Theres already a competitive market, therefore we need to contest with all of them to seize a great share of the market and also to have a successful company later on. Management Biographies In the beginning we made a decision to start the company with 15 workers composed of 10 truck drivers and remainder of the supportive workers, details are as below. 1.General Manager We hired a general manager who is a certified graduate from a regional university and experts in company administration, earlier worked for the similar concrete production field for 6 years and have got the capability to act as leader overseeing all of the functions even in the absence of a  proprietor. My partner and I will also be keeping track of the general manager responsibilities and assisting in all means to operate the organization correctly. 2.Quality Controller We employed a quality controller that has been employed in exactly the same plant for 7 years and has good abilities to look at the caliber of concrete manufactured and the experience to deal with and fix the malfunctioning problems if happened during manufacturing by his experienced suggestions. 3.Sales Manager Presently, a sales administrator that has the capability to sell the civil constructions product in the local market and has got a reliable selling blocks with our rival. He consented to work with us since we offered him much more of an amount of compensation. Moreover, he has a great individual relation in the market therefore the sale of our organization is going to be steady to satisfy the budgeted sales jobs because of the sales manager. 4.Administration Manager An earlier worker that worked for the old proprietors has been hired to work for our organization. He has his master’s degree from a fine respectable university and has been controlling all of the operations of this factory for several years. He has excellent social and administration skills to keep the decorum among workers. Competitive Product or Service Statement Concrete and gravel are the basically required items to construct anything from residential to commercial ventures. We are starting this company on a small basis despite the fact that, there are practically 10 to 12 concrete producers providing their goods for consumers’ fulfillment in the same targeted market. A few of the large producers also developing an excellent  share of the market whereas the remainder of the share of the market is also distributed among small producers. There are 3 organizations within the location which will be competing with the existing organization. Presently there are 2 of them which are inside 10 miles and also the other one is roughly 20 minutes away. We need to strive and apply the best suitable consumer’s effective advertisement marketing ways to seize the market share and compete with the competitors. In marketing promotions we would also offer the reductions or purchase and get free offers for preliminary attention of shoppers and having the presence in market. The advertising campaign would assist to make consideration for users and rivals and the presence of our organization in the same market. We would try our best to triumph the competition among all the rivals in a short time. Moreover, to generate the income, that will help to repay the installments of the banks against the rents we made against the land and vehicles and the required expenditures of the company operations just like wages of workers, maintenance of factory, vehicles, along with other operations. In the mean time Super Mix of Wisconsin is attempting hard to restore the position back in the market; however we need to compete it first. The marketplace is restricted however sellers are struggling to obtain good market shares. Our marketing plan will be more effective for the users mind. We have a very good sales manager that has excellent interaction skills and connection with clients to increase the quantity of sales to operate our company. We would further help our clients with gift hampers and purchase to receive totally free schemes and extra consultancy service to every worker through an expert advisor. Discount offers according to market rates and the special package for purchasing more quantity of concrete certainly would enhance sales and eventually the profits. Market capabilities of the company will enhance 5  times high to contest with all of those other sellers in the market of same services and products. The accounting services of the company will be followed up by me and other partner. The very best people who will be marketed to while selling concrete to all the regional clients. Clients who have been in the region for a lot of years will desire to continue with the organization they think at ease with, but thats what sales have to be marketed and proved to the most. Construction and Preopening Budget We require $2,500,000 to start this plan of action. We cant contest with our largest rival meanwhile because of lack of investment. To get over the preopening fiscal requirements, the bank is assigning us the funding facility against the factory of $1,086,742.30 having a 5.50% rate of interest for next 5 years. Moreover, we made a decision to fund all 10 vehicles to satisfy the fiscal requirements which are approved for $310,000 having a 6.15% rate of interest for 5 years. By getting the above mentioned financial loans, we would have the ability to satisfy the starting of the company. The funding against the vehicles is so low because of the old type of dumpers while the remaining 8 vehicles funded against just $240,000. The repayment of the loan that we lent against the area of operation for the company is $20,758.04 per month and $6,014.81 per month for repayment of financial loan, which withdrew against vehicles funding. We have to strive to earn a minimum of the financial institution repayments as well as for making payment on essential expenditures of operations just like wages of workers, buying of raw material, fuel, and repair of factory and vehicles in addition to earn income. By confronting the rivalry of existing sellers in a big volume, we would also require income to satisfy the fiscal expenditures. We have thought about these expenses too when planning the plans for discount offers for capturing  the market shares we have to spend the money for monthly expenditures. Plant Rate Payment $1,086,742.30 5.50% $20,758.04 Trucks Rate Payment $310,000 6.15% $6,014.81 Operating Pro-Forma We approximated through research on this industry and earning of this sector that the income from the sales would be 45.6% as well as the price of cement along with other related production materials would be 17.71%, which would provide nearly 27.89% gross profit on sales. The income from the sales would be the amount left for profit after the sales along with other expenditures. The wages of the 15 workers will be between $48,000 annually to $92,500 annually. The 8 truck drivers would work against the per hour rate of $17.98 to $25.68 and on the other hand the bulker and dumper driver would be paid depending on the tonnage and distances of each load. We approximated that the Return on Investment would be approximately 35% after paying all the loans installments, wear and tear, and medical care insurance of workers as well as their loved ones, along with other expenses. The increase in construction business would enhance eventually the appeal for partners. The income will easily repay all of the financial loans over the following 5 years, which would be most suitable to earn capital. The  initial investment might be paid by fully repaying the financial loans of banks as well as the remainder of the cash would be considered income after paying all other operating expenditures. This is also shown that after passing the past downturn, the construction throughout the country as well as in this area would reinforce our company as well as the whole industry. Therefore I think this is the ideal time to start this plan of action as soon as possible because of the start of the construction work once again as well as the economy is on an growth phase where joblessness and inflation is often recovering. Samples of Financial Statements to be Incorporated We will use the below mentioned reports of fund to work clear and thoroughly, that shows each dealing of operation conspicuously. The Stock report reveals the balances of cement along with other substances. The quantity of finished products as well as the raw material, the dealings in this account, indicates, the inward, and outward in this type of product would be clearly described with a date, delivery challan number, as well as dealing number. The ledger maintenance for borrowers and lenders will be maintenance of ledger that unveils the outstanding balances and dealings with borrowers and lenders with the note, document number, and date. It would control the gapless system for payments and recoveries. The income report is a universal report which demonstrates the earning of the company, where the revenue deducts from the cost of sales to have the gross profit, consequently the admin and operational costs also less to show the net income. After withdrawing the taxes and interests on financial loans, the precise profitability is known. The balance sheet is a report shown about the fiscal value of the company by demonstrating the total assets, bifurcating with existing and fix in one side while the debts and shares of partners on other side and lastly both sides equalize with each other. In the concrete business there isnt a particular thing to inform exactly  what the return on investments is going to be. It depends upon the quantity of concrete which is being sold. The 2 actual shareholders will be myself as well as partner together with the financial institution in order to assist me fund the factories. There will be expenses involved for example concrete pricing and operating expenditures. In the concrete organization it has been observed many do not begin to make money for a minimum of 2 years and thats going to be depended on the economic climate. The banking institutions will have to explore the suggestion to demonstrate them that theres certainly intention to begin earning money; however it might not be for the first couple of years. My partner as well as I will also put our own belongings up for security so that the financial institution may use that against the loans. There are numerous different factors to bear in mind while opening up a concrete organization. The one thing to remember is that theres rivalry in this sector and it is not necessarily easy to keep up with the rivals, however every small attempt might have the possibility to be big. To begin a small concrete organization there will have to be sufficient trucks to service the client requirements along with a factory thats always completely operating. With everybody in the organization having the same mentality for the organization to develop several solid as well as effective ideas may be put into place.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Youth Sports - Little Girls Need Sports! Essay example -- Argumentativ

Little Girls Need Sports! You may have seen the ad on television. It is one of the few advertisements using the voices of little girls that isn't promoting unrealistically figured Barbie dolls or the likes. The ad starts with a 10-year-old girl in a swing set and presents a series of images of different young girls saying: If you let me play sports I will like myself more; I will have more self-confidence, If you let me play sports. If you let me play, I will be 60 percent less likely to get breast cancer; I will suffer less depression. If you let me play sports, I will be more likely to leave a man who beats me. If you let me play, I will be less likely to get pregnant before I want to. I will learn what it means to be strong. If you let me play sports. If you let me play sports. Although the product being sold is never mentioned, the ad, which was produced by Nike, in just 45 seconds delivers one of the most powerful and thought-provoking messages on T.V. about the benefits gained by girls who play sports. Women in sports is an issue that has dated back for many years. The breakthrough for women was in 1972 when Title IX, an amendment to the 1965 Civil Rights Act, was passed. It was designed to address sex discrimination in all areas of education, including athletics. Although Title IX was implemented many years ago, women and girls are still fighting for the right to play despite much evidence that sports make our girls stronger women and teach them to avoid a whole host of risk-taking and self-destructive behaviors. Research from the Women's Sports Foundation show female athletes have lower rates of teenage pregnancy, are more likely to delay their first sexual experience, and have, on ave... ...tiveness, and teamwork, skills that everyone will need in life. Girls learn that you're going to fail sometimes, but they also learn perseverance and that failure is not permanent. The Nike ad drew much attention to the female need. It helps to draw a picture in the minds of educators and parents that preventing girls from participating in sports hinders their emotional and physical growth. Sports can make girls strong and not afraid to be vocal; they can teach girls how to succeed and how to cope with failure. They can help girls to know their own physical and mental strength and build confidence and self esteem. So when a girl asks if she can play, instead of telling her no, let her play. Work Cited Goff, Karen Goldberg. "Playing For Keeps; Youth sports credited with imparting lifelong benefits." The Washington Times. 10 November 2002. 19 April 2003.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Human Resources Internship Essay

I applied for the Human Resources internship at Maryville Academy-Scott Nolan Center through the website indeed. com. During my internship with Maryville Academy-Scott Nolan Center, I supported the HR department and organizational initiatives. My responsibilities with recruiting initiatives included initial resume screening and on-boarding. Positions I screened for included but were not limited to mental health counselor, staff nurse, utility manager and receptionist. I also supported administrative aspects such as filing, data entry, and HRIS maintenance. Since the Scott Nolan Center is in a transitional period, I helped develop several job descriptions. From the human resources perspective, I did payroll and disciplinary action forms, as well as legal documents such as FMLA. I completed 432 hours of the Maryville Human Resources Internship Program. Expectations Prior to Internship Before the internship started, I had an interview with my Human Resources manager to discuss my expectations as well as her expectations for this internship. I expected to get involved with daily Human Resources functions. I expected to be working in a fast-paced organization. Also, I expected a certain amount of training since I did not have any relevant experience prior to the internship. One other thing I was concerned with was that there might be a difference when recruiting for non-profit organizations compared to for-profit organizations. I thought recruiters would pay attention to some unique personalities or rules when they screened qualified applicants. For instance, some for-profit organizations might focus on people who have the required skills, such as sales skills, customer service skills and presentation skills. For this particular non-profit organization, I would pay more attention to personality traits, such as openness and agreeableness. Beyond My Expectations Beyond my expectations, I learned that every organization has its unique culture. It does not matter if it is profit or non-profit. Some organizations focus on employees’ training and development, while other organizations focus on select candidates who have certain minimum skills before they can be hired. These employees require little training and development. The organization I worked for is a children’s psychiatric hospital. Its patients are youths who are suicidal or suffered from sexual and physical abuse in their family. These patients are very sensitive. Thus, they are looking for employees to be energetic, positive and have professional nursing or therapy skills. They want their employees to not only care about the patient physically, but also mentally. During the recruiting process, I considered not only whether candidates had the essential KSAs to finish tasks, but also whether their personality would fit the organization. My expectations about this internship mainly focused on recruiting, as well as maintaining the employee database, such as workers’ compensations and payroll. Since the hospital was expanding, several new positions were created. Beyond my expectations, I had to update and develop several job descriptions. On the legal aspect, I was not expecting to get very involved. However, I had a chance to follow a FMLA case and to issue disciplinary action forms to employees who violated organizational policy. These legal documents made me realize the importance of legal documents in uman resources management. Selection Process General Process A significant portion of my internship responsibility was recruiting. These responsibilities ranged from screening candidates’ resumes to interviewing and preparing hiring documents. I would screen resumes from our database and select whom I believed would fit in the position. Then, I would conduct a phone interview with the applicant. After the phone interview, if I still felt the individual fit the organization, I would schedule an in person interview with our Human Resources Manager for the applicant. Our manager would make the final decision after the interview. If our manager decided to hire this individual, I would start preparing hiring paperwork including background check, reference check and medical record. My responsibilities would be all the above-mentioned tasks, which concluded with filing all the documents and sending it to the orientation group in order to prepare new-hire orientation documents. Screening Resume Before the internship, I read an article by Applicants (2009). He gave me several tips I kept in mind during the resume screening process. First of all, I was aware of potential adverse impact during the screening process. I should not focus on screening applicants from particular race or gender group. Companies have significant discretion in defining the basic qualifications for each position that they fill so long as those qualifications are defined by the outset of the hiring process for the position. When I selected qualified applicants for phone interviews, I chose candidates who met the minimum qualifications. Then, we chose whoever had best matched our skill requirements to continue to the next phase, which is an in person interview. These minimum requirements were determined by job descriptions. The job description helped us identify which candidate was able to perform the job, such as develop policy and communicate with patients. Thus, developing a job description was very important. After screening resumes for minimum qualifications, phone interviews were conducted. Importance of determine personality traits and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs) during selection process We wanted to select employees who we believed would be successful in the job. According o Barrick and Mount (1991), the â€Å"Big Five† personality dimensions are related to job performance. Their study indicated that Conscientiousness, which is a tendency to show self-discipline, act dutiful, and aim for achievement against measures or outside expectations showed consistent relations with job proficiency. Extraversion, which is characterized by positive emotions, surgency, and the tendency to seek out stimulation and the company of others, was a valid predictor for occupations involving social interaction. The other three factors- Openness, Agreeableness and Neuroticism had small correlation score. Since most of the positions involved interacting with children, Extraversion would be the factor I needed to pay attention to. From this article, I understood the importance of using personality traits during the selection process. To help me determine useful personality traits for different positions, Raymark, Schmit and Guion (2006) talked about identifying potentially useful personality constructs for employee selection. They created the Personality-Related Position Requirements Form (PPRF), which was a job analysis form to be used in making hypotheses about personality predictors of job performance. People predicted job performance by identifying whether the candidate’s personality matched the dimensions they determined in the job analysis. For example, the author conducted a job analysis and hypothesized that several dimensions were essential to perform the job efficiently, such as leadership, sensitivity to interests of others, cooperative or collaborative work tendency and general trustworthiness. Then, authors linked candidates’ personality with these dimensions to identify who fit the position best. I did not get a chance to use the actual form due to the limited resources and budget at work; however, I learned from it. Before screening for every position, I read the job description in our database and analyzed potential personalities that would fit the particular position. I also discussed these personalities with my manager for suggestions. When I screened resumes and interviewed, I would look for the specific personalities to match required skill sets as well as the organization’s culture. Employees in the organizations are always helpful. They are very easy to talk to. Everybody worked together and helped each other out. I talked to my manager about our organizational culture and she said that we are helpful, energetic and team-orientated. It was difficult to draw personality traits simply from the resume, so I looked at the format of the resume to determine if the candidate was detail-oriented or not. If the format of the resume was disorganized, there was a greater chance that the candidate was not careful, as opposed to one with an organized resume. If a potential employee was careless when editing their resume, I would conclude that they would not try their best at work. If the candidate passed the resume phase it meant a chance for a phone interview. This was the phase where we could get a general sense of the candidate’s personality. I talked to my manager before conducting phone interviews to discuss traits I should look for. For example, I would look for people who are energetic and outgoing; and people who were patient and easy to talk to. Their tones on the phone and language they used would be a big part of the determination process. We were looking for candidates who had positive tones and good communication skills. Even though there was no list of personality traits to look for, I tried to analyze the job description. I discussed the jobs with my coworkers and drew a list of personality traits in my mind when I phone interviewed candidates. When they responded to our questions, we were looking for people who answer calmly and respectfully. Other than personality traits, OCB was another important factor I paid attention to when I conducted the phone interview. OCB is the â€Å"performance that supports the social and psychological environment in which task performance takes places† (Organ, 1997). Research results showed OCB has significant relationships with important organizational outcomes such as productivity, efficiency, and turnover (Podsakoff, Whiting, Podsakoff, & Blume, 2009). With minimum qualifications, I wanted to select candidates who showed OCBs in their phone interview. Podsakoff, Whiting, Podsakoff, & Mishra (2010) also talked about the effects of OCBs on selection decision in employment interviews. The article reports on an experiment examning the effects of job candidates’ propensity to exhibit OCBs on selection decisions made in the context of a job interview. The result showed that candidates who exhibited higher levels of OCBs were generally rated as more competent, received higher overall evaluations, and received higher salary recommendations than candidates who exhibited lower levels of OCBs. When I asked job candidates questions, I was looking for people who showed higher levels of helping, voice, and loyalty behaviors in their answers. I believe employees who love to help others, who would express their feelings to improve rather than criticize, and who showed loyalty to their employers would work well in our organization. I talked to my manager about these factors and she agreed with me. For example, for the receptionist position, when I asked the candidate about their past working experience, I would like to hear examples of them voluntarily helping their co-workers, or solving conflicts between co-workers. Also, I would want to hear them talk about what did they achieved at the past job, like what did they do to improve the company or themselves. Another thing I would ask them is why were they looking for a new job? Candidates’ responses and attitudes toward their old employer would give me an idea of their loyalty if they were work for our organization. If these personality traits and OCBs showed during the phone interview, I would invite candidates to come in for an in-person interview. The reason for conducting a walk-in interview after a phone interview was because by meeting with the individual, it helped us to know the individual better. Our organization required employees to have an in-house observation to give them a chance to get in touch with patients and observe their reactions. I was not able to participate in the in-house observations; however, I tried my best to select potential candidates from the first two rounds of interviews. Selection Decisions Dalessio and Imada (1984) talked about relationships between interview selection decisions and perceptions of applicant similarity. The study had shown that interviewers’ final decisions were related to: [a] the degree of similarity between the interviewers’ perception of the ideal employee and the applicant, and [b] the degree of similarity between the interviewers’ self-perception and the applicant. This was a useful tip when I interviewed. I sat in several interviews before personally conducting one. I observed the communication between applicants and my Human Resources Manager. Since all these candidates passed the minimum qualification, my manager looked for someone who best fit the organization. â€Å"Fit† is the word we use in our selection process. Many applicants had the minimum qualifications for the job; however, we wanted someone who fit in the organization. Garcia, Posthuma, & Colella (2008) talked about how interviewers construct fit perceptions about applicants. Their results showed that performance expectation had a direct effect on fit perceptions. Unanimously with the study, our manager wanted to select people who she thought would perform well in the organization. She had an idea of what an ideal applicant would look like in her mind. For example, when we hired nurses, my manager looked to see if the applicant was careful, sensitive, caring and good at teamwork. If the applicant used to work in teams and got along with his or her team members, she would be able to determine if this applicant fit our organization. This person should have high Agreeableness. If we were hiring for a receptionist, we would want to look for candidates who love to help others. From these observations, I learned to study the interview questions and pay attention to personality traits and OCBs that we were looking for in an ideal employee. Each time, I would read these different interview questions for different positions and rehearse the questions in my mind. Also, I identified personality traits and OCBs that were related to the position. Combined with the PPRF I mentioned earlier, I discussed with my manager about our expectations for an ideal candidate before the interview. What were the essential skills and personalities that fit in the organization? After I identified those aspects, I would start the interview process. The more the individual matched our requirements, the more likely this individual would be hired. Each position requires different personality traits; unfortunately, I am not able to list them out specifically due to the confidentiality policy of the organization. Difficulties Encountered Unavoidably, we chose some overqualified candidates to pursue to the next step, which are the background check and drug-screen test. We chose these candidates because they would be quick studies and help others develop. However, our compensation was not the most attractive in the industry. We lost several over-qualified candidates right before orientation. Some left due to compensation limitations; some left due to lack of potential opportunities. We lost both time and money due to the unexpected losses. I discussed these issues with my manager. She told me that they lost more than 70% of over-qualified individuals among all over-qualified individuals during the recruiting process in the past. Even though the turnover is high, they have better potential compared to individuals who have minimum skills only. Her ways to avoid the situation was to not interview over-qualified individuals if they required much higher compensation than what we could offer. I disagreed with her opinion. Compensation definitely matters to jobseekers, however, it is not the only thing that matters. I believed more factors should be considered before we decided if an interview should be conducted, such as potential growth, training and development, as well as a benefit package. According to Wells (2004), there are pros and cons of hiring overqualified candidates. The potential advantages include they might be able to pick up tomorrow’s leaders today at below-market prices. If they were hired, they could help employees meet their goals sooner and potentially contribute a lot more to the company. However, there were disadvantages as well. Overqualified candidates were often too expensive. If we didn’t give them a better compensation package, situations similar in our organizations would be likely to happen again. Also, Wells mentioned that they were likely to intimidate others. Hiring a person who is far more experienced than his or her peers or immediate supervisor could create upside-down reporting relationships and authority tensions. Careful assessment was required when intending to hire overqualified candidates. From the article, I learned that I should decide how to define over-qualification. I brought up the topic at one of our intern meetings. We agreed that being at the wrong level and salary expectation was one of the most important factors. It looked kind of like Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (Maslow, 1943). He used the terms Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, Self-Actualization and Self-Transcendence need to describe the pattern that human motivations generally move through. When primary needs were satisfied, people seek for higher level needs. I think over-qualified employees do the same. Compensation is a primary need for job seekers. However, it is not the only factor that matters. If we provide fair amount of compensation, they look for other factors such as personal growth. However, if the compensation level is much lower than the average, they seek for other companies. Our organization does not have to have the most attractive compensation, however, it should be the average in the industry. We provided minimum pay at the phone interview. Also, there was a pay expectation on the job application. Comparing our minimum pay and candidates’ expectations, we would be able to draw a picture of the possibility of follow through the hiring process with the over qualified candidates. For example, we would give applicants a realistic preview of what the job would be. During the phone screen process, I told them the salary for the position and paid attention to their response. If the candidate hesitated, they most likely would not continue the process. We would not follow up with this candidate. The next step was to ask if we could do something to position the job opportunity to better take advantage of the applicant’s experience. For instance, if the applicant’s past experience was specialized in child care, we would transfer the applicant to the childcare facilities within the organization. Or, if the applicant obviously had more skills and experience, we would offer a higher-level position instead of an entry-level position. Also, we arranged in-house observations for applicants to give them a preview of certain responsibilities of the job and observe their reaction in the real work environment. Lastly, we assessed what career stage the person was in. We would like to know if they had ambitious goals and wanted fast growth. As a result, we looked at three predictors of candidate’s success on the job: the ability to do the work, the ability to work well with others and motivation. Motivation factors include, career growth like promotion opportunities and personnel growth, such as education reimbursement. Following these assessment steps, we successfully decreased the drop off rate for overqualified candidates. During my internship period, we made efforts to hire seven over-qualified candidates, half of them went through the whole process, which is much better than before. Job Description Development Beyond my expectations, I had a chance to develop several job descriptions during my internship due to organization transformation and expansion. Brannick and Levine (2002) mentioned that the structure of the job description should include identifiers, a summary section, duties and tasks, and other information. They suggest using a KSA modeling approach and critical incident technique to structure the job description. Due to the limited time I was given, I was not able to analyze these KSAs and critical incidents. However, I followed their format, which made the job description easier to read. Since the organization had their own format for job descriptions, which didn’t include a summary section, I discussed with my manager the benefit of adding a summary section for each position and edited all of our job descriptions. The summary section gave applicants and mployees a clear idea of what their responsibilities were and linked with tasks and skill sets required. I believe the summary gave employees a better idea of what their daily functions looked like. During my internship, I developed job description for utility manager, staff development specialist, and executive assistant. Also, my coworkers and I revised all of our job descriptions in the database by adding a summary section. After the format was decided, I planned to start to draft the job description. Part of the job description was minimum qualifications. Levine, Maye, Ulm, and Gordon (1997) provided a step-by-step account of the methodology and described the means by which validated minimum qualifications (MQ) were obtained. The authors indicated that MQs were created for education, experience, and closely related personalities needed to perform a job satisfactorily. In our organization, a closely related personality for nurse would be Agreeableness. We looked for people who would follow the policy and work with others. MQs are often used as screening devices in personnel selection. Our organization used MQs to screen out applicants as well. Levine, et al (1997) mentioned that in order to determine minimum qualifications, a job analysis needed to be conducted. Its descriptors or components were both behavioral and cognitive in nature. Tasks, the behavioral aspects and KSAs, and the cognitive aspects were determined. Scales were developed to evaluate tasks and KSAs for their impact and relevance in establishing MQs. The authors indicated that this job analysis established a basis for the development of MQs, and defined domains against which to evaluate the MQs for content validity. Preliminary research and observation by human resources specialists, including review of the dictionary of occupational titles, also helped to lead to the preparation of draft lists of tasks and KSAs. Interviews with current employees should be conducted to review relevant tasks and responsibilities required at their job. The authors also suggested a meeting with SMEs to determine the final task and KSA list. Using the list, people should be able to prepare a set of MQ profiles. According to the study, this methodology proved to have high inter- rater reliability.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington

Politics can be corrupt and extremely ugly. In Mr. Smith goes to Washington, Jefferson Smith is appointed as a new member of the senate. Jefferson Smith was too idealistic and naive to be a senator in American government during this time of corruption. Mr. Smith was too naive to survive as a senator during the time the movie â€Å"Mr. Smith Goes to Washington† took place. Mr. Smith’s naivete was seen in his proposal to start a national boys camp.After this proposal during the senate, false allegations towards Smith’s motives surfaced, and he was too idealistic to defend himself against the political machine that was accusing him of self-interest. Making matters worse, Senator Smith was a genuinely honest and simple-minded man, making it difficult for him to survive with his corrupt colleagues. Mr. Smith clearly showed his lack of government and knowledge of it. Jefferson Smith was a senator and did not even know how a bill becomes a law.Smith was like a fish out of water in the senate and needed a lot of help from his assistant Saunders. Senator Smith was not well educated and clearly not the right man for the job. But some might say that he was a weak hero in manners. Jefferson had potential in the government because of his integrity, care, and honesty. These are qualities that most senators were lacking and still are. Jefferson Smith was too idealistic and naive to be successful as a senator going up against a huge political machine. Smith lacks savvy and smoothness but overcomes his trials with persistence and dedication.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Helping, Giving and Volunteerism

Helping, Giving and Volunteerism Volunteerism, sometimes denoted as giving or helping, has characterized the universe for sometime now. Such volunteerism is greatly expressed in charitable donations by different individuals and organizations. Today, it is estimated that charitable donations account for almost $ 95 billion and individuals have come out as the biggest contributors (Kiplinger Washington Editors, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Helping, Giving and Volunteerism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What normally happens is that individuals together with different organizations come together with the aim of supporting special causes such as helping the poor, paying medical bills for victims of different ailment, or even donating for victims of different disasters. Helping implies a form of gift to someone else; sharing a part of what is owned, and individuals even go extra lengths to offer their services as part of voluntarism process. Voluntarism is seen as opportunity that people should embrace in order to change lives of other people as well as the lives of volunteers themselves. Among the American society, giving to the community has become an important aspect that majority of individuals embrace. Some high school have even taken initiatives of requiring the student to allocate some time in order to volunteer in community work and the success of this may determine whether the student is eligible to graduate or not (The Nemours Foundation, n.d). Exploring the issue of voluntarism, many literatures have put much emphasis on the important benefits and help that receivers of such help accrue. Little has been written about the benefits or factors that drive individuals and organizations that give help or participate in voluntarism activities. In real sense, individuals cannot just give any particular help without being directed or influenced by particular motivation. Therefore, how are such individuals mot ivated to give, what psychological, emotional and social benefit do they achieve as part of their role in contributing and lastly how best can voluntarism activities be regarded as duty that individuals have to fulfill? The guiding thesis for this research paper will be based on the fact that individuals who participate in voluntarism activities are directed by particular and specific motivations and that voluntarism together with giving has to be regarded and viewed as a duty to be accomplished by individuals. Statement of the Problem Voluntarism is an aspect that is becoming important but little attention is being paid to it. The role of voluntarism in term of donations and giving is immense and continues to change the lives of many people in different parts of the world.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to available charity statistics, as per the y ear 2009, it was revealed that about 65 per cent of USA households participate in activities of giving (National Philanthropic Trust, 2010). Another research carried out by Giving USA organization statistics shows that American individuals giving donations to charities reached $ 303.75 billion by the year 2009 (National Philanthropic Trust, 2010). At the same time, statistics show that giving tendencies by corporate organizations in USA is on the rise whereby, in 2009, it stood at 5.5%, but since then, it has risen to the current level of 14.4 billion (National Philanthropic Trust, 2010). Contribution from foundations also continue to form part of charity donations although by 2009 such form of donations had dropped by almost 8.4 per cent to the current level of almost $ 42.9 billion (National Philanthropic Trust, 2010). Analysis of the same statistics further reveal that the biggest source of charitable giving comes from individuals whereby, in the year 2009, it stood at $227.41, w hich constituted 75% of the overall accumulated form of giving (National Philanthropic Trust, 2010). Coming second after individuals are foundations that contribute about $ 38.44 billion accounting for 13% of the total giving (National Philanthropic Trust, 2010). Third placed are the bequests accounting for about 8% and corporations come last contributing about 4% of the total giving (National Philanthropic Trust, 2010). Giving therefore does not happen without motivation. The above large amount of donations given by individuals and corporation require an indecisive investigation to reveal the psychological factors that lead individuals to give. Such research undertaking is important especially with regard to increasing role of voluntarism and donation activities in the contemporary world. Literature Review Scarce literature exists as to why people show willingness to donate to charities or provide voluntarism services in their communities. Nevertheless, there are heightened attempt s specifically in the field of social psychology to investigate reasons that motivate people to donate or give help to different charities (Buunk, Buunk and Vugt, 2007). According to Sandra Sims, an online contributor in the journal of ‘Step by Step Fundraising’ observes that more people are being driven to donate and the major motivation is being guided by their own experience and values.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Helping, Giving and Volunteerism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These two aspects constitute part of the many aspects of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which have been viewed by many psychologists as major reasons why majority of people in society are giving to charities (Sims, 2007). According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, people give in order to fulfill aspects of love, belonging, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization (Sims, 2007). At the same tim e, other literatures postulate that individuals are motivated to give by factors of: helping, altruism, cooperation, and pro-social behavior (Batson and Powell, 2003; and Van Vugt, et al., 2000 cited in Buunk, Buunk and Vugt, 2007); the second reason cited by the same authors why individuals give is that of social influence (Buunk, Buunk and Vugt, 2007). The needs of hierarchy according to Maslow’s hierarchy are placed at better way of explaining why people donate or decide to give. Maslow placed the human needs in ascending order of importance as show: physiological needs constitute the basic needs that are vital to sustain human life and include things like food, water, warmth, shelter, and sleep. Many poor people find it difficult to fulfill or have these physiological needs, a situation that motivates many people to donate, give, or volunteer their resources including time (Koontz and Weihrich, 2006). Security or safety needs constitute another category of needs that larg ely ensure individuals are free of physical danger and of fear; for instance, such individuals may require property, food, shelter when it seems that the individuals on their own cannot provide for these safety needs charitable activities might be excellent avenues for such individuals to get solace (Koontz and Weihrich, 2006). The desire to see individuals in society have adequate safety needs has constituted motivation aspects driving particular people to give, help, and donate in various charity organizations. Maslow further looks at the importance of affiliation or acceptance needs, an aspect that motivates individuals to participate in voluntarism activities as a way of making other people feels accepted in society and to feel that they belong and assume an important position in the wider society (Koontz and Weihrich, 2006). Esteem needs constitute another group of needs and according to Maslow, â€Å"once people begin to satisfy their need to belong, they tend to want to be h eld in esteem both by themselves and by others† (Koontz and Weihrich, 2006).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This particular kind of need produces such satisfactions as power, prestige, status, and self-confidence (Koontz and Weihrich, 2006). Thus, in giving, donating, or even volunteering, many people feel satisfaction within themselves with regard to achieving power, prestige, status, and even self-confidence (Koontz and Weihrich, 2006). Lastly, Maslow looked at need for self-actualization and according to the author; this particular aspect is regarded as the highest need in the hierarchy of needs (Koontz and Weihrich, 2006). The postulation of this need is that many individuals after achieving a lot in life finally develops desire to become what one is capable of becoming that is to maximize one’s potential and to accomplish something great (Koontz and Weihrich, 2006). When such feelings emanate the individuals find charitable organizations as the best avenues to realize this need. It becomes apparent to the individuals that donating and volunteering their time and energy help th em to achieve this need. Findings Postulation in the literature tried to look at motivating factors that lead majority of people to donate or help. The literature review dwelt largely on the psychological aspects as postulated by Maslow. Nevertheless, carrying out further research many people gave different reasons as to why volunteerism and giving to them is important. According to field findings by Rebecca Ruby and Katya Andresen published in their online article title, ‘The secret to Getting People Give’ the two researchers found out from different people why they perceived donating or voluntarism was essential. The participants in the research expressed that giving was part of the initiative to help other people in the society (Ruby and Andresen, 2008). At the same time, some respondents noted that upon listening to stories of people in need they became obliged to donate and volunteer. Another group of respondents noted that giving was a sign showing that an individ ual is not powerless in times of problems or disaster (Ruby and Andresen, 2008). To other respondents, they put it in precise words why helping was necessary and important; giving results in sense of closeness to the community or any particular group where also giving makes one feel that his or her efforts are changing the lives o someone. Further, giving helps people receive tax deduction, as well as enabling people to establish permanent pictures in mind of how a person in need was helped. Other respondents were convinced that giving is part of life to some individuals from their childhood and it is through giving that individuals establish good images for themselves. Through giving, individuals are presented with opportunity to establish long-lasting legacies while to others giving is part of religious duties to be fulfilled. Lastly, through giving and volunteering people are seen to be leaders and role models to be emulated by others in the society (Ruby and Andresen, 2008). Ano ther field research carried out by Sandra Sims and published online in her article titled ‘Why do People donate to Charitable Causes’ found out three major reasons that drive people to donate to charities. The first reason has to do with personal experience where majority of givers adopt the activity of giving to others when they reflect on their own experiences as beneficiaries of charitable donations and help (Sims, 2007). Others, particularly in medical donations, give in order to honor their loved ones who in one way or the other died from the particular disease or problem donations are being done currently. Second reason why people give is that of making and witnessing change in the society. In other words, when particular people participate in charity work their biggest desire is to see difference being realized in society (Sims, 2007). The ambitions of such donors come to coalesce around the desire to see long-term and lasting impact in the lives of less advantag ed or those affected by particular disasters. The third reason as to why people donate and give as expressed by the author involves, â€Å"doing something active about a problem or take a stand on a particular issue† (Sims, 2007, p.1). By giving, the individual is able to accumulate some form of social power that he or she I able to use in approaching certain social and complex problems in society (Sims, 2007). The fourth reason as to why people give has to do with motivation aspects. When some people give, they become largely attracted to the need realizing personal recognition and benefits (Sims, 2007). Discussion As seen from the earlier section as to what drives majority of people to give, one aspect becomes clear as to why many people find motivation in giving and that aspect has to with duty. Majority of activities of donating or volunteering is seen to be guided by the sense of duty and as Brooks and Wilson (2007) postulate, about 80% of interviewed people who gave don ations or provided help in many organizations and charities confirmed that those who have more should give to those who have less. The concept of duty is concisely expressed and promoted by Kant who holds that â€Å"humans are morally good not so far as they act from passion or self-interest but so far as they act on an impersonal principle valid for others as well as for themselves† (Kant and Paton, 1991, p.30). According to Kant, duties are divided into duties towards self and duties towards others and further divided into perfect and imperfect duties (Kant and Paton, 1991). As a result of this classification, four major types of duties are proposed by Kant. Analyzing the four types of duties Kant is convinced that a perfect duty is one that admits of no exception in the interests of inclination. With regard to duties upon self, Kant express that individuals’ various capacities have a natural function or purpose I life and it is a perfect duty upon individuals not to limit such purposes and at the same time it is positive duty for such individuals to further such purposes to others (Kant and Paton, 1991). At the same time, Kant notes that individuals have a duty towards other individuals and the perfect duty here involves that of not limiting the realization of possible systematic harmony of purposes among majority of people. Giving and voluntarism should be seen as a way of providing support to the work that touches on the lives of many people and such activities or initiatives should be guided by sense of responsibility and duty in order to help people suffering and in need. Giving as a duty can be justified basing argument from existence of three basic and pressing issues in society today: increasing human suffering and skyrocketing cases of poverty especially among disadvantaged families; the increasing vulnerability to diseases compounded by increasing rate of deaths resulting from such diseases; and lastly increasing gap between the rich and poor in society (Riddell, 2007). Majority of people today falls in the category of being chronically poor living on less than $2 dollars a day (Riddell, 2007). As cases of poverty increase, vulnerability to diseases is becoming inevitable usually caused by a mix of insufficient food, poor water and sanitation, inadequate shelter or even health care and as fate would be majority of the affected succumb to poverty-related deaths (Riddell, 2007). Therefore, the described above scenario in the contemporary modern world is gradually making the aspect of giving and voluntarism a necessity that people to embrace in order to save other. It is becoming a prerequisite to undertake and get involved in charity work in order to see a function world. In addition, it is from these pressing needs that giving and voluntarism is graduating into a duty that individuals should embrace positively. Conclusion Thesis statement for this research paper centered on the need of investigating the increasin g nature of voluntarism and donation activities as a form of duty that humans have to fulfill. From the exploration and analysis of literature, profound evidence shows that today’s world is characterized by high numbers of poverty levels, many people especially in poor societies are dying from poverty-related disease and the gap between the rich and poor in many societies is widening. As a way to address these issues, it was found that voluntarism and giving should be embraced and perceived as duty that individuals are obliged to fulfill in the society. Kant’s concept of duty was further explored and it became evident that human have a duty towards others of ensuring they experience similar happiness and joy as themselves. References Brooks, A. C. and Wilson, J. Q. (2007). Who Really Cares: The Surprising Truth About Compassionate Conservatism Americas Charity DivideWho Gives, Who Doesnt, and Why It Matters. NY: Basic Books. Buunk, A. P., Buunk, B. and Vugt, M. V. (20 007). Applying social psychology: from problems to solutions. NY: SAGE. Kant, I. and Paton, H. J. (1991). Moral law: groundwork of the metaphysic of morals. NY: Routledge. Kiplinger Washington Editors. (2008). Kiplinger Personal Finance, Vol. 62, No. 3. Washington: Kiplinger Washington Editors Inc. Koontz, H. and Weihrich, H. (2006). Essentials of Management. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. National Philanthropic Trust. (2010). Philanthropy Statistics: Charitable Giving. Web. Riddell, R. (2007). Does foreign aid really work? Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ruby, R. and Andresen, K. (2008). The Secret to Getting People to Give: 14 Reasons Why People Donate. MD: Learning Center Network for Good. Web. Sims, S. (2007). Why Do People Donate to Charitable Causes? CA: Step by Step Fundraising Inc. Web. The Nemours Foundation. (N.d). Volunteering. Web.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Organization in the workplace as an lpn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organization in the workplace as an lpn - Essay Example In this case, listing time management priorities and the rationale for the order given will significantly help in the organization in the workplace. The goal of time management and organization in the workplace as lpn is easy: effective use of limited time and resources. Strategies to achieve effective organization in the workplace include reflection, inventory of daily events, and avoidance of distractions. Reflecting on the actual use of time and activities that are completed and left undone will help an lpn analyze the cause of disorganization in delivering care. Likewise, inventories of daily events also trace the amount of time rendered on every lpn care as well as identify where the majority of care was rendered. Finally, the important thing to follow giving care: avoid distractions. The complexity of work does not determine the exact time to avoid distractions; therefore, it must be upheld at all times, because just like nurses, lpn are health care professionals responsible for the lives of the people they cared for. Organization in the workplace as an lpn reflects one’s personality, attitude towards work, and values for life. An lpn has to bear in mind that organization in the workplace will lead to smooth flow of care

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Business Strategy Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Strategy Assignment - Essay Example Since then has undertaken a management course at Edinburgh Business School and tried to implement a number of organisational changes which could motivate his employees to perform better and add to the profitability of the agency. Kenneth tried to apply his learning from the MBA course to implement the transformational leadership style in ASL through different means and making radical changes through the introduction of many new policies. However, most of the new policies introduced by Kenneth did not prove to be fruitful for the agency and a number of issues were found to have crept up as a result of such initiatives taken up by Kenneth. This study entails analysing these issues and problems associated with ASL. Different recommendations have also been made in this study, which can help Kenneth in transforming the fortunes of ASL. This study would try to provide various alternative solutions to eradicate the existing problems faced by the organisation, and help it to increase its pro ductivity and perform better in the forthcoming years. Problem Identification and Analysis The analysis of various issues concerning ASL has been discussed in this section. Most of the issues are related to each of the new policies that have been introduced by Kenneth. First of all, he introduced a mission statement for the organisation. It stated that, â€Å"Our aim at Always Spot-Less is to be the preferred supplier to both our existing and future clientele. We will strive to achieve this by providing an exemplary service, attention to detail, competitive pricing and undertake that we can achieve excellent value whilst maintaining the highest standard in this industry. We will value and listen to our customers.† This mission statement was introduced by Kenneth with the objective of driving all the employees of the organisation towards working for a unified goal or objective. The mission statement of a company mainly highlights the purpose and what it intends to accomplish i n the forthcoming future (M3 Planning, 2008, p. 1). Developing a good mission statement and making it work for the company requires a good understanding of the organisational values and identifying concrete objectives for the company (Talbot, 2003). However, this mission statement is too complex and the organisational purpose is not clear. Moreover, the objectives of the company have also not been identified clearly. The Theory Y management style was introduced by Kenneth for his cleaners. The two factor theory was introduced by Douglas McGregor. This theory is on the basis of two views of X assumption and Y assumption. X assumption are conservative and Y assumption are modern in style (Hollyforde and Whiddett, 2002, p. 144). Implementing Theory Y in the organisation meant that the organisational staff in ASL were no longer being supervised by Kenneth. He thought that this might self-motivate the cleaners of ASL. However, it did not work and the workers of ASL were found to be poor decision makers and they were more concerned about earning money for themselves rather than thinking about achieving the organisational goals or objectives. Next, Kenneth also arranged for weekly meetings for all his staff to discuss the finances and latest developments at ASL. This was done with the motive of making the

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Organisational behiever design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organisational behiever design - Essay Example So lack of appropriate leadership was the main issue for the company facing so many crises. Following are the related four sub issues. One of the four sub issues was lack of motivation amongst employees. It is very important to keep the working environment challenging for the employees so that they are kept motivated. But again how challenging it should be so that it does not harm the productivity is again the leader’s responsibility. By the implication of the expectancy theory, the employees of the company could have been motivated. The theory relates to the determinants of the attitudes and behaviors at the workplace. There are three things that this theory explains that are valence, instrumentality and expectancy (Judge and Robbins, 2010). Valence is the measure of the attraction and the satisfaction associated with the predefined outcome for an individual. Instrumentality is the belief of the person regarding the relationship amongst performing the action and experiencing the outcome. Expectancy is the belief related to the link amongst the effort making and the good performance in true terms. So if the CEO at that time could have been able to use this theory then the results might not have got worse like in the decade of his leadership. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory is one other theory that applies in this case. The reason is that the new CEO failed to fulfill the two higher level needs of the employees of the company that are the esteem and self actualization, Esteem incorporates internal factors like self-respect, achievement and autonomy external factors like recognition. Self-actualization relates to things like achieving your potential, growth and self-fulfillment. The new CEO could not safeguard the higher order needs of the Maslow’s Hierarchy Need Theory. Another sub issue was lack of trust in the company amongst the CEO and all levels of employees. It is known that trust is an expectation that is positive that another does not and will not by words, decisions and actions act opportunistically. Trust is based on two things mainly that are familiarity and risk. Trust has a lot of dimensions mainly like integrity, competence, consistency, loyalty and openness etc. Integrity relates to things like truthfulness and honesty, competence means the interpersonal and technical knowledge and skills, consistency relates to predictability, good judgment and reliability under various situations, loyalty means the willingness to safeguard and protect face for any other person and openness relates to the reliance on someone else to provide you the truth in full. Basically there are three types of trusts that employees in any company can experience. One is deterrence or fear of punishment based trust, the other is identification or trust based on mutual understanding, appreciation for other people’s desires and wants, and the knowledge based or behavioral predictability based trust that roots back to the inter action history. At J.J. Meyers Company the basic issue was that the trust was deterrence based. It means that the employees feared punishment and were forced to trust the CEO whereas they dint not like his leadership style at all. One other issue was that the expectations of the employees were not being fulfilled as they were being in the previous times of success of the company. The culture, the leadership style, the communication, group dynamics are the things on which the perception of the worker is based and these are the things that direct the